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12 WWW.AGRM.ORG MARCHAPRIL 2016 Homelessness is a multi-faceted issue but risk factors can be identified that might put some people at in- creased risk. Root causes can even begin in childhood and be related to the family of origin. According to a study published in the U.S. National Li- brary of Medicine Significant differences in families of origin among these groups were identified. On univariate analysis homeless persons were found to have an in- creased prevalence of alcoholism in the family of origin earlier departure from the home minority status a self- described negative childhood experiences of abuse as a child high birth order in large families less parental education less-skilled parental occupations less feeling of love in the childhood family less likelihood of the father being in the home more risk of the father having been in jail and less identification with a religious group. In another area many people who are addicted to alcohol and drugs never become homeless however people with low income and addictions are at increased risk of home- lessness according to the Homelessness Resource Center. Other risk factors associated with an increased vulnera- bility to homelessness according to Jrank include Race. African-Americans are overrepresented among homeless people in the United States. Extremely low income both current and lifetime. Home- less people are likely to come from poor or impoverished backgrounds and to spend their lives in a sim- ilar economic condition. More than 60 percent work in unskilled or semiskilled occupations with income of about half the poverty level. Disruptive events in youth. About one-fifth of homeless people have had a major disruptive event in their childhood such as death of parents or placement in foster care. Prior imprisonment. About half of older homeless men and one- quarter of older home- less women report prior imprisonment. Chemical abuse. Alcoholism rates among homeless men and women are higher than those of their peers. Physical health. Homeless people report 1.5 to 2 times the level of physical symptoms as their same-age peers in the general population although their functional impairment is no worse. Victimization. Homeless people of all ages report high rates of victimization. Studies have found that almost half had been robbed and one-fourth to one-third had been assaulted in the previous year. More than 25 percent of women reported being raped. Social supports. Social networks of homeless people are smaller more concentrated on staff members from agencies or institutions more likely to involve material exchanges such as food money or health assistance and reciprocity. Older homeless people also have fewer intimate ties than their peers. Prior history of homelessness. A key predictor of pro- longed and subsequent homeless episodes is a prior history of homelessness. Lengths of homelessness are higher among older men than older women. Homelessness Risk Factors Why do some people survive hardships while others end up on the street